Steampunk as a music genre is so broadly defined it is almost weirdy nonexistent. Anything with vintage feel and steampunk, cthulhu, victorian or noir theme goes. Industrial, punk, folk rock and metal even world music and various gothic genres serve as a base on which steampunk music is built.
It is relatively new and still evolving music style we will hear a lot more in the future, when things settle and rules clear up.
As for the bands and musicians Abney Park headlined the first "Steamstock" steampunk music festival in Richmond, California. Featuring: Thomas Dolby, Frenchy and the Punk, Lee Presson and the Nails, Vernian Process... All considered pioneers of steampunk music!
For the end, here is a most recognizable steampunk song from one of the genre's pioneers Abney Park
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